Peptide Modification Services for Specialized Research
Peptide modifications may be introduced to alter terminal charge, structure, analytical visibility, conjugation behavior, solubility, stability, or experimental compatibility. Selected terminal changes, fluorescent labels, affinity tags, cyclization strategies, linkers, PEG chains, lipid groups, and non-standard amino acids may be supplied after sequence feasibility has been evaluated.
Why Is a Peptide Modified?
A standard linear peptide may not possess every property required for a particular experiment. Therefore, a functional group may be introduced so that the peptide can be detected, immobilized, conjugated, cyclized, stabilized, or differentiated analytically.
However, each attached group changes the molecular structure. Consequently, molecular weight, hydrophobicity, charge, solubility, purification behavior, and analytical response may also be changed.
Bachem and GenScript list modifications such as acetylation, amidation, biotinylation, fluorescent dyes, cyclization, PEGylation, click-chemistry handles, phosphorylation, lipidation, isotope labeling, and carrier conjugation among commercially available options.
Modification Categories
Terminal Modifications
N-terminal acetylation, C-terminal amidation, terminal fatty-acid attachment, and selected terminal groups may be considered.
Fluorescent and Affinity Labels
Biotin, FAM, FITC, TAMRA, rhodamine, or other supported labels may be introduced.
Structural Modifications
Disulfide cyclization, head-to-tail cyclization, side-chain cyclization, or constrained structures may be evaluated.
Chemical Modifications
Phosphorylation, methylation, PEGylation, lipidation, isotope labeling, D-amino acids, and non-natural amino acids may be considered.
Reactive Groups and Linkers
Azide, alkyne, maleimide, cysteine handles, Ahx, and other spacers may be incorporated.
Carrier Conjugation
KLH, BSA, OVA, or another technically suitable carrier may be used when applicable.
Modification Selection Guide
| Research Objective | Possible Modification |
|---|---|
| Reduce terminal charge | Acetylation or amidation |
| Enable fluorescent detection | FAM, FITC, TAMRA, or another dye |
| Support affinity capture | Biotin or biotin-linker structure |
| Enable carrier attachment | Cysteine, linker, or carrier conjugation |
| Control peptide conformation | Cyclization |
| Increase hydrodynamic size | PEGylation |
| Increase membrane association | Lipidation |
| Support analytical tracing | Stable-isotope labeling |
| Enable click chemistry | Azide or alkyne group |
How Is a Modified Peptide Project Managed?
The Research Objective Is Defined
First, the required function of the modification is explained, such as detection, conjugation, structural control, solubility, or analytical tracing.
The Attachment Position Is Selected
The N-terminus, C-terminus, or a specified side chain is then selected.
Linker Requirements Are Reviewed
Where necessary, a spacer may be added so that steric interference between the peptide and attached group can be reduced.
Feasibility Is Evaluated
Next, the effects of the modification on charge, hydrophobicity, synthesis yield, solubility, and purification are reviewed.
Analytical Methods Are Selected
HPLC, MS, UV detection, amino-acid analysis, or another agreed method may be selected according to the modified structure.
The Final Specification Is Approved
Finally, the sequence, modification, position, linker, purity, quantity, and analytical package are confirmed.
Discuss Your Modified Peptide Design
Submit the sequence, modification, attachment position, linker requirement, purity, quantity, and research application.